The epidemiology, treatment, and determinants of outcome of primary head and neck cancers at the Jos University Teaching Hospital

Adeyi A. Adoga; Daniel D. Kokong; Nuhu D. Ma’an; Olugbenga A. Silas; Ayuba M. Dauda; John P. Yaro; Joyce G. Mugu; Chukwunonso J. Mgbachi; Caleb J. Yabak

doi:10.4103/sajc.sajc_15_18

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Head and Neck Cancer

07 (

); 183-187

doi:

10.4103/sajc.sajc_15_18

The epidemiology, treatment, and determinants of outcome of primary head and neck cancers at the Jos University Teaching Hospital

Adeyi A. Adoga^1,, Daniel D. Kokong¹, Nuhu D. Ma’an¹, Olugbenga A. Silas², Ayuba M. Dauda², John P. Yaro¹, Joyce G. Mugu¹, Chukwunonso J. Mgbachi¹, Caleb J. Yabak¹

1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

2 Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: Prof. Adeyi A. Adoga. adeyiadoga@gmail.com

Published: 2020-12-22

MedIntel Services Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

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Abstract

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology, treatment, and factors that determine the outcomes of head and neck cancers (HNC). Patients and Methods: Retrospective analytical review of HNC managed at the Jos University Teaching Hospital between May 2007 and April 2017 using the International Classification of Diseases version 10. Results: Of 487 head and neck neoplasms, 129 (26.5%) were malignant and 122 health records met the criteria for analysis consisting of 83 (68.0%) males and 39 (32.0%) females aged 13 years to 85 years (mean = 51 years; standard deviation = ±16.0 years). The most common presenting feature was nasal obstruction (n = 47; 38.5%). The most common tumor site was the nasopharynx (n = 34; 27.9%). Mean duration of symptoms was 13.3 months. Alcohol (P = 0.02), cigarette smoking (P = 0.01), and cooking wood smoke (P = 0.01) were associated with advanced tumor stage. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type. Posttreatment complication rate was 47.5%. Lost to follow-up rate was 55.7%. The lungs were the most common distant metastatic site. The case fatality rate was 18.0%. Conclusion: HNC constitutes almost a quarter of head and neck tumors affecting twice the number of males in their sixth decade with nasopharyngeal cancers being the most common in both genders. Several modifiable variables are noted to target appropriate future cancer education for lifestyle modification, screening for early detection and treatment.

Keywords

Acknowledgment

The authors are grateful to all the staff of the Records Department of the hospital for their invaluable assistance with patients’ health records.

References

Emadzadeh M, Shahidsales S, Mohammadian Bajgiran A, Salehi M, Massoudi T, Nikfarjam Z, et al. Head and neck cancers in North-East Iran: A 25 year survey. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;29:137-45.
Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration, Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Barber RM, Barregard L, Bhutta ZA, et al. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study. JAMA Oncol 2017;3:524-48.
Pezzuto F, Buonaguro L, Caponigro F, Ionna F, Starita N, Annunziata C, et al. Update on head and neck cancer: Current knowledge on epidemiology, risk factors, molecular features and novel therapies. Oncology 2015;89:125-36.
Adisa AO, Adeyemi BF, Oluwasola AO, Kolude B, Akang EE, Lawoyin JO. Clinicopathological profile of head and neck malignancies at university college hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Head Face Med 2011;7:9.
Patel SG, Shah JP. TNM staging of cancers of the head and neck: Striving for uniformity among diversity. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:242-58.
Samet JM. Epidemiology and policy: The pump handle meets the new millennium. Epidemiol Rev 2000;22:145-54.
Adeyemi BF, Adekunle LV, Kolude BM, Akang EE, Lawoyin JO. Head and neck cancer – A clinicopathological study in a tertiary care center. J Natl Med Assoc 2008;100:690-7.
da Lilly-Tariah OB, Somefun AO, Adeyemo WL. Current evidence on the burden of head and neck cancers in Nigeria. Head Neck Oncol 2009;1:14.
Conway DI, McKinney PA, McMahon AD, Ahrens W, Schmeisser N, Benhamou S, et al. Socioeconomic factors associated with risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer in europe. Eur J Cancer 2010;46:588-98.
Negri E, Boffetta P, Berthiller J, Castellsague X, Curado MP, Dal Maso L, et al. Family history of cancer: Pooled analysis in the international head and neck cancer epidemiology consortium. Int J Cancer 2009;124:394-401.
Otoh EC, Mandong BM, Danfillo IS, Jallo PH. Salivary gland tumors: A 16-year review at the Jos university teaching hospital, Jos. Niger J Clin Biomed Res 2006;1:51-6.
Bentzen SM, Trotti A. Evaluation of early and late toxicities in chemoradiation trials. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:4096-103.

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[1] Emadzadeh M, Shahidsales S, Mohammadian Bajgiran A, Salehi M, Massoudi T, Nikfarjam Z, et al. Head and neck cancers in North-East Iran: A 25 year survey. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol 2017;29:137-45.

[2] Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration, Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Barber RM, Barregard L, Bhutta ZA, et al. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study. JAMA Oncol 2017;3:524-48.

[3] Pezzuto F, Buonaguro L, Caponigro F, Ionna F, Starita N, Annunziata C, et al. Update on head and neck cancer: Current knowledge on epidemiology, risk factors, molecular features and novel therapies. Oncology 2015;89:125-36.

[4] Adisa AO, Adeyemi BF, Oluwasola AO, Kolude B, Akang EE, Lawoyin JO. Clinicopathological profile of head and neck malignancies at university college hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Head Face Med 2011;7:9.

[5] Patel SG, Shah JP. TNM staging of cancers of the head and neck: Striving for uniformity among diversity. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:242-58.

[6] Samet JM. Epidemiology and policy: The pump handle meets the new millennium. Epidemiol Rev 2000;22:145-54.

[7] Adeyemi BF, Adekunle LV, Kolude BM, Akang EE, Lawoyin JO. Head and neck cancer – A clinicopathological study in a tertiary care center. J Natl Med Assoc 2008;100:690-7.

[8] da Lilly-Tariah OB, Somefun AO, Adeyemo WL. Current evidence on the burden of head and neck cancers in Nigeria. Head Neck Oncol 2009;1:14.

[9] Conway DI, McKinney PA, McMahon AD, Ahrens W, Schmeisser N, Benhamou S, et al. Socioeconomic factors associated with risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancer in europe. Eur J Cancer 2010;46:588-98.

[10] Negri E, Boffetta P, Berthiller J, Castellsague X, Curado MP, Dal Maso L, et al. Family history of cancer: Pooled analysis in the international head and neck cancer epidemiology consortium. Int J Cancer 2009;124:394-401.

[11] Otoh EC, Mandong BM, Danfillo IS, Jallo PH. Salivary gland tumors: A 16-year review at the Jos university teaching hospital, Jos. Niger J Clin Biomed Res 2006;1:51-6.

[12] Bentzen SM, Trotti A. Evaluation of early and late toxicities in chemoradiation trials. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:4096-103.

The epidemiology, treatment, and determinants of outcome of primary head and neck cancers at the Jos University Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Abstract

Keywords

Acknowledgment

References

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