Survival outcome of malignant minor salivary tumors in Pakistani population

Hassan Iqbal; Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti; Raza Hussain; Arif Jamshed

doi:10.4103/2278-330X.136792

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MINI SYMPOSIUM: HEAD AND NECK CANCER : Original Article

03 (

); 163-165

doi:

10.4103/2278-330X.136792

Survival outcome of malignant minor salivary tumors in Pakistani population

Hassan Iqbal¹, Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti^1,, Raza Hussain¹, Arif Jamshed¹

1 Departments Surgical Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan

*Corresponding author: Dr. Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti. Abubakar.hafeez@yahoo.com

Published: 2020-12-31

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Abstract

Objective: Malignant tumors of minor salivary glands (MSG) are rare. Survival outcome in Pakistani population with malignant MSG tumors remains to be defined. The objective of this study was to report the clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and survival outcome of radically treated malignant tumors of MSG in Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: Between April 2003 and March 2011, 45 patients with malignant tumors of MSG were treated at Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital and included in the study. Patient characteristics and treatment modalities were assessed and local, regional, and distant failures determined. Relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) was calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves, and log-rank test was used to determine significance. Results: Median age was 40 (17-83) years. Male to female ratio was 1.25:1. Most common site was hard palate in 31 (69%) patients. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (51%) was the most common histological diagnosis. Nine patients (20%) underwent surgery as the only treatment modality, six patients received (13%) radiotherapy alone, and 30 patients (67%) had surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Eight patients developed recurrence (four local, two regional, one locoregional, and one distant). The 5-year actuarial overall OS and RFS was 77 and 66%, respectively. Age, T-stage, and treatment modality were significant for RFS, whereas T-stage and treatment modality were significant factors for OS. Conclusion: Surgery as single modality or combined with radiation therapy resulted in acceptable survival in Pakistani population with malignant minor salivary tumors.

Keywords

References

Seifert G, Sobin LH. World health organization classification of tumours. In: Histopathological classification of tumors. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 1991.
WHO classification of tumors. In: Pathology and genetics of head and neck tumors. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2005.
Chou C, Zhu G, Luo M, Xue G. Carcinoma of the minor salivary glands: Results of surgery and combined therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996; 54:448-53.
Spiro RH, Koss LG, Hajdu SI, Strong EW. Tumors of minor salivary origin. A clinicopathologic study of 492 cases. Cancer 1973; 31:117-29.
Lopes MA, Kowalski LP, da Cunha Santos G, Paes de Almeida O. A clinicopathologic study of 196 intraoral minor salivary gland tumors. J Oral Pathol Med 1999; 28:264-7.
Anderson Jr JN, Beenken SW, Crowe R, Soong SJ, Peters G, Maddox WA, et al. Prognostic factors in minor salivary gland tumors. Head Neck 1995;17:480-6.
Spiro RH, Huvos AG, Berk R, Strong EW. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary gland origin: A clinicopathologic study of 367 cases. Am J Surg 1978;136:461-8.
Land CE, Saku T, Hayashi Y, Takahara O, Matsuura H, Tokuoka S, et al. Incidence of salivary gland tumors among atomic bomb survivors, 1950-1987. Evaluation of radiation-related risk. Radiat Res 1996;146:28-36.
Zheng W, Shu XO, Ji BT, Gao YT. Diet and other risk factors for cancer of the salivary glands: A population-based case-control study. Int J Cancer 1996;67:194-8.
Chaudhry AP, Vickers RA, Gorlin RJ. Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors: An analysis of 1,414 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1961;14:1194-226.
Gluckman JL, Barrord J. Nonsquamous cell tumors of the minor salivary glands. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1986;19:497-505.
Beckhardt RN, Weber RS, Zane R, Garden AS, Wolf P, Carrillo R, et al. Minor salivary gland tumors of the palate: Clinical and pathological correlates of outcome. Laryngoscope 1995;105:1155-60.
Spiro RH, Thaler HT, Hicks WF, Kher UA, Huvos AH, Strong EW. The importance of clinical staging of minor salivary gland carcinoma. Am J Surg 1991;162:330-6.
Al-Khateeb TH, Ababneh KT. Salivary tumors in north Jordanians: A descriptive study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;103:e53-9.
Toida M, Shimokawa K, Makita H, Kato K, Kobayashi A, Kusunoki Y, et al. Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors: A clinicopathological study of 82 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;34:528-32.
Vander Poorten VL, Balm AJ, Hilgers FJ, Tan IB, Keus RB, Hart AA. Stage as major long term outcome predictor in minor salivary gland carcinoma. Cancer 2000; 89:1195-204.
Terhaard CH, Lubsen H, Van der Tweel I, Hilgers FJ, Eijkenboom WM, Marres HA, et al.; Dutch Head and Neck Oncology Cooperative Group. Salivary gland carcinoma: Independent prognostic factors for locoregional control, distant metastases, and OS: Results of the Dutch head and neck oncology cooperative group. Head Neck 2004; 26:681-92.
Copelli C, Bianchi B, Ferrari S, Ferri A, Sesenna E. Malignant tumors of intraoral minor salivary glands. Oral Oncol 2008;44:658-63.
Mücke T, Robitzky LK, Kesting MR, Wagenpfeil S, Holhweg-Majert B, Wolff KD, et al. Advanced malignant minor salivary glands tumors of the oral cavity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;108:81-9.
Parsons JT, Mendenhall WM, Stringer SP, Cassisi NJ, Million RR. Management of minor salivary gland carcinomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996;35:443-54.
Garden AS, Weber RS, Ang KK, Morrison WH, Matre J, Peters LJ. Postoperative radiation therapy for malignant tumors of minor salivary glands. Outcome and patterns of failure. Cancer 1994;73:2563-9.
Kruse AL, Grätz KW, Obwegeser JA, Lübbers HT. Malignant minor salivary gland tumors: A retrospective study of 27 cases. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;14:203-9.
Carino S, Cabrini RL. Meta-analysis of the literature on 1946 cases of minor salivary gland tumors of the palate. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2007;20:23-31.
Rahman B, Mamoon N, Jamal S, Zaib N, Luqman M, Mushtaq S, et al. Malignant tumors of the minor salivary glands in northern Pakistan: A clinicopathological study. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2008;1:90-3.

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[1] Seifert G, Sobin LH. World health organization classification of tumours. In: Histopathological classification of tumors. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 1991.

[2] WHO classification of tumors. In: Pathology and genetics of head and neck tumors. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2005.

[3] Chou C, Zhu G, Luo M, Xue G. Carcinoma of the minor salivary glands: Results of surgery and combined therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996; 54:448-53.

[4] Spiro RH, Koss LG, Hajdu SI, Strong EW. Tumors of minor salivary origin. A clinicopathologic study of 492 cases. Cancer 1973; 31:117-29.

[5] Lopes MA, Kowalski LP, da Cunha Santos G, Paes de Almeida O. A clinicopathologic study of 196 intraoral minor salivary gland tumors. J Oral Pathol Med 1999; 28:264-7.

[6] Anderson Jr JN, Beenken SW, Crowe R, Soong SJ, Peters G, Maddox WA, et al. Prognostic factors in minor salivary gland tumors. Head Neck 1995;17:480-6.

[7] Spiro RH, Huvos AG, Berk R, Strong EW. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary gland origin: A clinicopathologic study of 367 cases. Am J Surg 1978;136:461-8.

[8] Land CE, Saku T, Hayashi Y, Takahara O, Matsuura H, Tokuoka S, et al. Incidence of salivary gland tumors among atomic bomb survivors, 1950-1987. Evaluation of radiation-related risk. Radiat Res 1996;146:28-36.

[9] Zheng W, Shu XO, Ji BT, Gao YT. Diet and other risk factors for cancer of the salivary glands: A population-based case-control study. Int J Cancer 1996;67:194-8.

[10] Chaudhry AP, Vickers RA, Gorlin RJ. Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors: An analysis of 1,414 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1961;14:1194-226.

[11] Gluckman JL, Barrord J. Nonsquamous cell tumors of the minor salivary glands. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1986;19:497-505.

[12] Beckhardt RN, Weber RS, Zane R, Garden AS, Wolf P, Carrillo R, et al. Minor salivary gland tumors of the palate: Clinical and pathological correlates of outcome. Laryngoscope 1995;105:1155-60.

[13] Spiro RH, Thaler HT, Hicks WF, Kher UA, Huvos AH, Strong EW. The importance of clinical staging of minor salivary gland carcinoma. Am J Surg 1991;162:330-6.

[14] Al-Khateeb TH, Ababneh KT. Salivary tumors in north Jordanians: A descriptive study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;103:e53-9.

[15] Toida M, Shimokawa K, Makita H, Kato K, Kobayashi A, Kusunoki Y, et al. Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors: A clinicopathological study of 82 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;34:528-32.

[16] Vander Poorten VL, Balm AJ, Hilgers FJ, Tan IB, Keus RB, Hart AA. Stage as major long term outcome predictor in minor salivary gland carcinoma. Cancer 2000; 89:1195-204.

[17] Terhaard CH, Lubsen H, Van der Tweel I, Hilgers FJ, Eijkenboom WM, Marres HA, et al.; Dutch Head and Neck Oncology Cooperative Group. Salivary gland carcinoma: Independent prognostic factors for locoregional control, distant metastases, and OS: Results of the Dutch head and neck oncology cooperative group. Head Neck 2004; 26:681-92.

[18] Copelli C, Bianchi B, Ferrari S, Ferri A, Sesenna E. Malignant tumors of intraoral minor salivary glands. Oral Oncol 2008;44:658-63.

[19] Mücke T, Robitzky LK, Kesting MR, Wagenpfeil S, Holhweg-Majert B, Wolff KD, et al. Advanced malignant minor salivary glands tumors of the oral cavity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;108:81-9.

[20] Parsons JT, Mendenhall WM, Stringer SP, Cassisi NJ, Million RR. Management of minor salivary gland carcinomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996;35:443-54.

[21] Garden AS, Weber RS, Ang KK, Morrison WH, Matre J, Peters LJ. Postoperative radiation therapy for malignant tumors of minor salivary glands. Outcome and patterns of failure. Cancer 1994;73:2563-9.

[22] Kruse AL, Grätz KW, Obwegeser JA, Lübbers HT. Malignant minor salivary gland tumors: A retrospective study of 27 cases. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;14:203-9.

[23] Carino S, Cabrini RL. Meta-analysis of the literature on 1946 cases of minor salivary gland tumors of the palate. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2007;20:23-31.

[24] Rahman B, Mamoon N, Jamal S, Zaib N, Luqman M, Mushtaq S, et al. Malignant tumors of the minor salivary glands in northern Pakistan: A clinicopathological study. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2008;1:90-3.

Survival outcome of malignant minor salivary tumors in Pakistani population

Abstract

Abstract

Keywords

References

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