Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders in workers of Udupi taluk

Yeturu Sravan Kumar; Shashidhar Acharya; Kalyana Chakravarthy Pentapati

doi:10.4103/2278-330X.173177

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MISCELLANEOUS : Original Article

04 (

); 130-133

doi:

10.4103/2278-330X.173177

Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders in workers of Udupi taluk

Yeturu Sravan Kumar¹, Shashidhar Acharya¹, Kalyana Chakravarthy Pentapati^1,

1 Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India

*Corresponding author: Dr. Kalyana Chakravarthy Pentapati. drkalyan81@gmail.com

Published: 2020-12-31

MedIntel Services Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

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Abstract

Objective: The objective was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of oral potentially malignant disorders (PMD) among industrial workers of Udupi taluk, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of industrial workers aged >18 years from randomly selected industries in Udupi Taluk. A self-administered questionnaire was given to the participants to assess sociodemographic factors and abusive habits (Tobacco, Alcohol, and Betel quid) followed by clinical oral examination by single trained and calibrated examiner. Results: A total of 396 completed all steps of the survey and were included for analysis. A total of 14, 11.4, and 14.4% were tobacco, alcohol, and betel quid users, respectively. A total of 8.6% (n = 34) have at least one PMD. A significantly higher number of participants with single (11.4%) or combined habits (60.4%) had oral lesions while none of the participants without habits reported any oral lesions (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Prevalence of abusive habits and oral premalignant lesions or conditions was substantial among the workers. The cause and effect relationship and dose-response were also shown to be significantly associated. Prevention and early diagnosis through workplace screening are the major cornerstones for the control of oral cancer.

Keywords

References

Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Head and Neck Tumours. New Delhi, India: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) IARC Press; 2005. p. 177-9.
Pindborg JJ, Mehta FS, Gupta PC, Daftary DK. Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis among 50,915 Indian villagers. Br J Cancer 1968;22:646-54.
Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, Pindborg JJ, Daftary DK, Gupta PC, Mehta FS. Malignant transformation rate in oral submucous fibrosis over a 17-year period. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1985;13:340-1.
Wahi PN, Kapur VL, Luthra UK, Srivastava MC. Submucous fibrosis of the oral cavity 1. Clinical features. Bull World Health Organ 1966;35:789-92.
Mehta FS, Pindborg JJ, Gupta PC, Daftary DK. Epidemiologic and histologic study of oral cancer and leukoplakia among 50,915 villagers in India. Cancer 1969;24:832-49.
Petti S. Pooled estimate of world leukoplakia prevalence: A systematic review. Oral Oncol 2003;39:770-80.
Pindborg JJ, Jolst O, Renstrup G, Roed-Petersen B. Studies in oral leukoplakia: A preliminary report on the period pervalence of malignant transformation in leukoplakia based on a follow-up study of 248 patients. J Am Dent Assoc 1968;76:767-71.
Roed-Petersen B. Cancer development in oral leukoplakia: Follow-up of 331 patients. J Dent Res 1971;50:711.
Silverman S Jr, Gorsky M, Lozada F. Oral leukoplakia and malignant transformation. A follow-up study of 257 patients. Cancer 1984;53:563-8.
Reichart PA, Philipsen HP. Oral erythroplakia – A review. Oral Oncol 2005;41:551-61.
Villa A, Villa C, Abati S. Oral cancer and oral erythroplakia: An update and implication for clinicians. Aust Dent J 2011;56:253-6.
Shafer WG, Waldron CA. Erythroplakia of the oral cavity. Cancer 1975;36:1021-8.
Pindborg JJ, Mehta FS, Gupta PC, Daftary DK, Smith CJ. Reverse smoking in Andhra Pradesh, India: A study of palatal lesions among 10,169 villagers. Br J Cancer 1971;25:10-20.
Takezaki T, Hirose K, Inoue M, Hamajima N, Kuroishi T, Nakamura S, et al. Tobacco, alcohol and dietary factors associated with the risk of oral cancer among Japanese. Jpn J Cancer Res 1996;87:555-62.
Merchant A, Husain SS, Hosain M, Fikree FF, Pitiphat W, Siddiqui AR, et al. Paan without tobacco: An independent risk factor for oral cancer. Int J Cancer 2000;86:128-31.
Znaor A, Brennan P, Gajalakshmi V, Mathew A, Shanta V, Varghese C, et al. Independent and combined effects of tobacco smoking, chewing and alcohol drinking on the risk of oral, pharyngeal and esophageal cancers in Indian men. Int J Cancer 2003;105:681-6.
Yang YH, Lien YC, Ho PS, Chen CH, Chang JS, Cheng TC, et al. The effects of chewing areca/betel quid with and without cigarette smoking on oral submucous fibrosis and oral mucosal lesions. Oral Dis 2005;11:88-94.
Silverman S Jr. Demographics and occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancers. The outcomes, the trends, the challenge. J Am Dent Assoc 2001;132 Suppl: 7S-11.
Kekatpure V, Kuriakose MA. Oral cancer in India: Learning from different populations. Cancer Prev 2010; Available from: http://www.nypcancerprevention.com/archive_newsletter/issue/14/cancer_prevention/feature/india.shtml [Last accessed on 2015 Mar 27].
Sankaranarayanan R, Ramadas K, Thomas G, Muwonge R, Thara S, Mathew B, et al. Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;365:1927-33.
Warnakulasuriya KA, Johnson NW. Epidemology and risk factors for oral cancer: Rising trends in Europe and possible effects of migration. Int Dent J 1999;46:245-50.
Warnakulasuriya S, Kashyap R, Dasanayake AP. Is workplace screening for potentially malignant oral disorders feasible in India? J Oral Pathol Med 2010;39:672-6.
Nagao T, Warnakulasuriya S, Gelbier S, Yuasa H, Tsuboi S, Nakagaki H. Oral pre-cancer and the associated risk factors among industrial workers in Japan's overseas enterprises in the UK. J Oral Pathol Med 2003;32:257-64.
Downer MC, Evans AW, Hughes Hallet CM, Jullien JA, Speight PM, Zakrzewska JM. Evaluation of screening for oral cancer and precancer in a company headquarters. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1995;23:84-8.
Kramer IR, Pindborg JJ, Bezroukov V, Infirri JS. Guide to epidemiology and diagnosis of oral mucosal diseases and conditions. World Health Organization. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1980;8:1-26.
Kumar N, Gupta N, Kishore J. Kuppuswamy's socioeconomic scale: Updating income ranges for the year 2012. Indian J Public Health 2012;56:103-4.
Bouquot JE. Common oral lesions found during a mass screening examination. J Am Dent Assoc 1986;112:50-7.
Axéll T. Occurrence of leukoplakia and some other oral white lesions among 20,333 adult Swedish people. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1987;15:46-51.
Ikeda N, Ishii T, Iida S, Kawai T. Epidemiological study of oral leukoplakia based on mass screening for oral mucosal diseases in a selected Japanese population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1991;19:160-3.
Reichart PA, Mohr U, Srisuwan S, Geerlings H, Theetranont C, Kangwanpong T. Precancerous and other oral mucosal lesions related to chewing, smoking and drinking habits in Thailand. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1987;15:152-60.
Bánóczy J, Rigó O. Prevalence study of oral precancerous lesions within a complex screening system in Hungary. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1991;19:265-7.
Ikeda N, Handa Y, Khim SP, Durward C, Axéll T, Mizuno T, et al. Prevalence study of oral mucosal lesions in a selected Cambodian population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1995;23:49-54.
Horowitz AM, Goodman HS, Yellowitz JA, Nourjah PA. The need for health promotion in oral cancer prevention and early detection. J Public Health Dent 1996;56:319-30.

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[1] Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Head and Neck Tumours. New Delhi, India: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) IARC Press; 2005. p. 177-9.

[2] Pindborg JJ, Mehta FS, Gupta PC, Daftary DK. Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis among 50,915 Indian villagers. Br J Cancer 1968;22:646-54.

[3] Murti PR, Bhonsle RB, Pindborg JJ, Daftary DK, Gupta PC, Mehta FS. Malignant transformation rate in oral submucous fibrosis over a 17-year period. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1985;13:340-1.

[4] Wahi PN, Kapur VL, Luthra UK, Srivastava MC. Submucous fibrosis of the oral cavity 1. Clinical features. Bull World Health Organ 1966;35:789-92.

[5] Mehta FS, Pindborg JJ, Gupta PC, Daftary DK. Epidemiologic and histologic study of oral cancer and leukoplakia among 50,915 villagers in India. Cancer 1969;24:832-49.

[6] Petti S. Pooled estimate of world leukoplakia prevalence: A systematic review. Oral Oncol 2003;39:770-80.

[7] Pindborg JJ, Jolst O, Renstrup G, Roed-Petersen B. Studies in oral leukoplakia: A preliminary report on the period pervalence of malignant transformation in leukoplakia based on a follow-up study of 248 patients. J Am Dent Assoc 1968;76:767-71.

[8] Roed-Petersen B. Cancer development in oral leukoplakia: Follow-up of 331 patients. J Dent Res 1971;50:711.

[9] Silverman S Jr, Gorsky M, Lozada F. Oral leukoplakia and malignant transformation. A follow-up study of 257 patients. Cancer 1984;53:563-8.

[10] Reichart PA, Philipsen HP. Oral erythroplakia – A review. Oral Oncol 2005;41:551-61.

[11] Villa A, Villa C, Abati S. Oral cancer and oral erythroplakia: An update and implication for clinicians. Aust Dent J 2011;56:253-6.

[12] Shafer WG, Waldron CA. Erythroplakia of the oral cavity. Cancer 1975;36:1021-8.

[13] Pindborg JJ, Mehta FS, Gupta PC, Daftary DK, Smith CJ. Reverse smoking in Andhra Pradesh, India: A study of palatal lesions among 10,169 villagers. Br J Cancer 1971;25:10-20.

[14] Takezaki T, Hirose K, Inoue M, Hamajima N, Kuroishi T, Nakamura S, et al. Tobacco, alcohol and dietary factors associated with the risk of oral cancer among Japanese. Jpn J Cancer Res 1996;87:555-62.

[15] Merchant A, Husain SS, Hosain M, Fikree FF, Pitiphat W, Siddiqui AR, et al. Paan without tobacco: An independent risk factor for oral cancer. Int J Cancer 2000;86:128-31.

[16] Znaor A, Brennan P, Gajalakshmi V, Mathew A, Shanta V, Varghese C, et al. Independent and combined effects of tobacco smoking, chewing and alcohol drinking on the risk of oral, pharyngeal and esophageal cancers in Indian men. Int J Cancer 2003;105:681-6.

[17] Yang YH, Lien YC, Ho PS, Chen CH, Chang JS, Cheng TC, et al. The effects of chewing areca/betel quid with and without cigarette smoking on oral submucous fibrosis and oral mucosal lesions. Oral Dis 2005;11:88-94.

[18] Silverman S Jr. Demographics and occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancers. The outcomes, the trends, the challenge. J Am Dent Assoc 2001;132 Suppl: 7S-11.

[19] Kekatpure V, Kuriakose MA. Oral cancer in India: Learning from different populations. Cancer Prev 2010; Available from: http://www.nypcancerprevention.com/archive_newsletter/issue/14/cancer_prevention/feature/india.shtml [Last accessed on 2015 Mar 27].

[20] Sankaranarayanan R, Ramadas K, Thomas G, Muwonge R, Thara S, Mathew B, et al. Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;365:1927-33.

[21] Warnakulasuriya KA, Johnson NW. Epidemology and risk factors for oral cancer: Rising trends in Europe and possible effects of migration. Int Dent J 1999;46:245-50.

[22] Warnakulasuriya S, Kashyap R, Dasanayake AP. Is workplace screening for potentially malignant oral disorders feasible in India? J Oral Pathol Med 2010;39:672-6.

[23] Nagao T, Warnakulasuriya S, Gelbier S, Yuasa H, Tsuboi S, Nakagaki H. Oral pre-cancer and the associated risk factors among industrial workers in Japan's overseas enterprises in the UK. J Oral Pathol Med 2003;32:257-64.

[24] Downer MC, Evans AW, Hughes Hallet CM, Jullien JA, Speight PM, Zakrzewska JM. Evaluation of screening for oral cancer and precancer in a company headquarters. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1995;23:84-8.

[25] Kramer IR, Pindborg JJ, Bezroukov V, Infirri JS. Guide to epidemiology and diagnosis of oral mucosal diseases and conditions. World Health Organization. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1980;8:1-26.

[26] Kumar N, Gupta N, Kishore J. Kuppuswamy's socioeconomic scale: Updating income ranges for the year 2012. Indian J Public Health 2012;56:103-4.

[27] Bouquot JE. Common oral lesions found during a mass screening examination. J Am Dent Assoc 1986;112:50-7.

[28] Axéll T. Occurrence of leukoplakia and some other oral white lesions among 20,333 adult Swedish people. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1987;15:46-51.

[29] Ikeda N, Ishii T, Iida S, Kawai T. Epidemiological study of oral leukoplakia based on mass screening for oral mucosal diseases in a selected Japanese population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1991;19:160-3.

[30] Reichart PA, Mohr U, Srisuwan S, Geerlings H, Theetranont C, Kangwanpong T. Precancerous and other oral mucosal lesions related to chewing, smoking and drinking habits in Thailand. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1987;15:152-60.

[31] Bánóczy J, Rigó O. Prevalence study of oral precancerous lesions within a complex screening system in Hungary. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1991;19:265-7.

[32] Ikeda N, Handa Y, Khim SP, Durward C, Axéll T, Mizuno T, et al. Prevalence study of oral mucosal lesions in a selected Cambodian population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1995;23:49-54.

[33] Horowitz AM, Goodman HS, Yellowitz JA, Nourjah PA. The need for health promotion in oral cancer prevention and early detection. J Public Health Dent 1996;56:319-30.

Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders in workers of Udupi taluk

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Abstract

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References

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