Practical consensus recommendations on fertility preservation in patients with breast cancer

Jyoti Bajpai; A. Majumdar; R. Satwik; N. Rohatgi; V. Jain; D. Gupta; R. Agarwal; S. Mittal; S. K. Verma; P. M. Parikh; S. Aggarwal

doi:10.4103/sajc.sajc_113_18

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Original Article

07 (

); 110-114

doi:

10.4103/sajc.sajc_113_18

Practical consensus recommendations on fertility preservation in patients with breast cancer

Jyoti Bajpai^1,, A. Majumdar², R. Satwik², N. Rohatgi³, V. Jain⁴, D. Gupta⁵, R. Agarwal⁶, S. Mittal⁷, S. K. Verma⁸, P. M. Parikh⁹, S. Aggarwal¹⁰

1 Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra

2 Center of IVF and Human Reproduction, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi

3 Department of Medical Oncology, Max Saket Hospital, New Delhi

4 Department of Gynaecology and Obstretics, Ludhiana Medicity Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab

5 Department of Medical Oncology, Dharamshila Cancer Hospital, New Delhi

6 Department of Surgical Oncology, Medanta Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana

7 Department of Medical Oncology, Action Balajee Cancer Center, New Delhi

8 Department of Medical Oncology, Jolly Grant Himalayan Institute, Dehradoon, Uttarakhand

9 Department of Oncology, Shalby Cancer and Research Institutes, Mumbai, Maharashtra

10 Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi

*Corresponding author: Dr. Jyoti Bajpai. bajpaij@tmc.gov.in

Published: 2020-12-22

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Abstract

Young women diagnosed with cancer today have a greater chance of long-term survival than ever before. Successful survivorship for this group of patients includes maintaining a high quality of life after a cancer diagnosis and treatment; however, lifesaving treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can impact survivors by impairing reproductive and endocrine health. Expert oncologists along with reproductive medicine specialists discuss fertility preservation options in this chapter since fertility preservation is becoming a priority for young women with breast cancer. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at these practical consensus recommendations for the benefit of community oncologists.

Keywords

References

Anders CK, Johnson R, Litton J, Phillips M, Bleyer A. Breast cancer before age 40 years. Semin Oncol 2009;36:237-49.
Lee SJ, Schover LR, Partridge AH, Patrizio P, Wallace WH, Hagerty K, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on fertility preservation in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2917-31.
Johnson JA, Tough S; SOGC Genetics Committee. Delayed child-bearing. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2012;34:80-93.
National Cancer Registry Programme, Indian Council of Medical Research. Leading sites of cancer. In: Consolidated Report of Population Based Cancer Registries 2001-2004, Incidence and Distribution of Cancer. Bangalore: Coordinating Unit, National Cancer Registry Programme (ICMR); 2006. p. 8-30.
Badwe RA, Gangawal S, Mittra I, Desai PB. Clinico-pathological features and prognosis of breast cancer in different religious communities in India. Indian J Cancer 1990;27:220-8.
Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Krapcho M, editors. In: SEER Cancer Statistics Review. National Cancer Institute; 1975-2007.
National Cancer Registry Program. Ten Year Consolidated Report of the Hospital Based Cancer Registries, 1984–1993, An Assessment of the Burden and Care of Cancer Patients. New Delhi: Indian Council of Medical Research; 2001.
Agarwal G, Pradeep PV, Aggarwal V, Yip CH, Cheung PS. Spectrum of breast cancer in Asian women. World J Surg 2007;31:1031-40.
Loren AW, Mangu PB, Beck LN, Brennan L, Magdalinski AJ, Partridge AH, et al. Fertility preservation for patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:2500-10.
Lambertini M, Anserini P, Levaggi A, Poggio F, Del Mastro L. Fertility counseling of young breast cancer patients. J Thorac Dis 2013;5 Suppl 1:S68-80.
Falcone T, Attaran M, Bedaiwy MA, Goldberg JM. Ovarian function preservation in the cancer patient. Fertil Steril 2004;81:243-57.
Meirow D, Nugent D. The effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on female reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 2001;7:535-43.
Maltaris T, Seufert R, Fischl F, Schaffrath M, Pollow K, Koelbl H, et al. The effect of cancer treatment on female fertility and strategies for preserving fertility. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007;130:148-55.
Wallace WH, Thomson AB, Saran F, Kelsey TW. Predicting age of ovarian failure after radiation to a field that includes the ovaries. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005;62:738-44.
Critchley HO, Wallace WH. Impact of cancer treatment on uterine function. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2005;64-8.
Fenig E, Mishaeli M, Kalish Y, Lishner M. Pregnancy and radiation. Cancer Treat Rev 2001;27:1-7.
Mazonakis M, Varveris H, Damilakis J, Theoharopoulos N, Gourtsoyiannis N. Radiation dose to conceptus resulting from tangential breast irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;55:386-91.
Antypas C, Sandilos P, Kouvaris J, Balafouta E, Karinou E, Kollaros N, et al. Fetal dose evaluation during breast cancer radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;40:995-9.
Tham YL, Sexton K, Weiss H, Elledge R, Friedman LC, Kramer R, et al. The rates of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in patients treated with adjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by a taxane. Am J Clin Oncol 2007;30:126-32.
Lutchman Singh K, Muttukrishna S, Stein RC, McGarrigle HH, Patel A, Parikh B, et al. Predictors of ovarian reserve in young women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2007;96:1808-16.
Visser JA, Themmen AP. Anti-müllerian hormone and folliculogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2005;234:81-6.
Anders C, Marcom PK, Peterson B, Gu L, Unruhe S, Welch R, et al. A pilot study of predictive markers of chemotherapy-related amenorrhea among premenopausal women with early stage breast cancer. Cancer Invest 2008;26:286-95.
Bines J, Oleske DM, Cobleigh MA. Ovarian function in premenopausal women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:1718-29.
Sonmezer M, Oktay K. Fertility preservation in female patients. Hum Reprod Update 2004;10:251-66.
Ghosh J, Bajpai J. Chemotherapy for osteosarcoma: Adverse effects and remedial measures. Pediatr Hematol Oncol J 2017. [Doi: 10.1016/j.phoj. 2017.07.002].
Petrek JA, Naughton MJ, Case LD, Paskett ED, Naftalis EZ, Singletary SE, et al. Incidence, time course, and determinants of menstrual bleeding after breast cancer treatment: A prospective study. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:1045-51.
Maltaris T, Weigel M, Mueller A, Schmidt M, Seufert R, Fischl F, et al. Cancer and fertility preservation: Fertility preservation in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res 2008;10:206.
Halakivi-Clarke L, Cho E, Onojafe I, Liao DJ, Clarke R. Maternal exposure to tamoxifen during pregnancy increases carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis among female rat offspring. Clin Cancer Res 2000;6:305-8.
Bajpai J, Shylasree T. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer: Controversies and consensus! Oncobiol Targets 2016. [doi: 10.4103/2395-4469.192739].
Barthelmes L, Gateley CA. Tamoxifen and pregnancy. Breast 2004;13:446-51.
Gradishar WJ, Hellmund R. A rationale for the reinitiation of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in women receiving fewer than 5 years of therapy. Clin Breast Cancer 2002;2:282-6.
Arnon J, Meirow D, Lewis-Roness H, Ornoy A. Genetic and teratogenic effects of cancer treatments on gametes and embryos. Hum Reprod Update 2001;7:394-403.
Partridge AH, Ruddy KJ. Fertility and adjuvant treatment in young women with breast cancer. Breast 2007;16 Suppl 2:S175-81.
Lobo RA. Potential options for preservation of fertility in women. N Engl J Med 2005;353:64-73.
Ambrosone GB, Barlow W, Yeh IT. Pharmacogenetics and breast cancer treatment outcomes: Results on oxidative stress-related genotypes (MPO, MnSOD) from a southwest oncology intergroup trial (INT-0102). Cancer 2006;100:S18.
Urruticoechea A, Arnedos M, Walsh G, Dowsett M, Smith IE. Ovarian protection with goserelin during adjuvant chemotherapy for pre-menopausal women with early breast cancer (EBC). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008;110:411-6.
Lambertini M, Moore HC, Leonard RC. Pooled analysis of five randomized trails investigating temporary ovarian suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs during chemotherapy as a strategy to preserve ovarian function and fertility in premenopausal early breast cancer patients. San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium Abstract GS4-01. 2017.
Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Fertility preservation and reproduction in cancer patients. Fertil Steril 2005;83:1622-8.
Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. Thawed Embryo Transfers; 2010. Available from: http://www.apps.nccd.cdc.gov/art/Apps/NationalSummaryReport.aspx. [Last accessed on 2017 Apr 09].
Stachecki JJ, Cohen J. An overview of oocyte cryopreservation. Reprod Biomed Online 2004;9:152-63.
Tao T, Del Valle A. Human oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation and its application. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008;25:287-96.
Porcu E, Bazzocchi A, Notarangelo L, Paradisi R, Landolfo C, Venturoli S, et al. Human oocyte cryopreservation in infertility and oncology. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008;15:529-35.
Available from: https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/CommitteeOpinions/Committee-on-Gynecologic-Practice/OocyteCryopreservation. [Last accessed on 2018 Jan 12].
Backhus LE, Kondapalli LA, Chang RJ, Coutifaris C, Kazer R, Woodruff TK, et al. Oncofertility consortium consensus statement: Guidelines for ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Cancer Treat Res 2007;138:235-9.
Demeestere I, Simon P, Emiliani S, Delbaere A, Englert Y. Fertility preservation: Successful transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in a young patient previously treated for hodgkin's disease. Oncologist 2007;12:1437-42.
Donnez J, Dolmans MM, Demylle D, Jadoul P, Pirard C, Squifflet J, et al. Livebirth after orthotopic transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue. Lancet 2004;364:1405-10.
Meirow D, Levron J, Eldar-Geva T, Hardan I, Fridman E, Zalel Y, et al. Pregnancy after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in a patient with ovarian failure after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2005;353:318-21.
Woodruff TK, Shea LD. The role of the extracellular matrix in ovarian follicle development. Reprod Sci 2007;14 8 Suppl: 6-10.

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[1] Anders CK, Johnson R, Litton J, Phillips M, Bleyer A. Breast cancer before age 40 years. Semin Oncol 2009;36:237-49.

[2] Lee SJ, Schover LR, Partridge AH, Patrizio P, Wallace WH, Hagerty K, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on fertility preservation in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2917-31.

[3] Johnson JA, Tough S; SOGC Genetics Committee. Delayed child-bearing. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2012;34:80-93.

[4] National Cancer Registry Programme, Indian Council of Medical Research. Leading sites of cancer. In: Consolidated Report of Population Based Cancer Registries 2001-2004, Incidence and Distribution of Cancer. Bangalore: Coordinating Unit, National Cancer Registry Programme (ICMR); 2006. p. 8-30.

[5] Badwe RA, Gangawal S, Mittra I, Desai PB. Clinico-pathological features and prognosis of breast cancer in different religious communities in India. Indian J Cancer 1990;27:220-8.

[6] Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Krapcho M, editors. In: SEER Cancer Statistics Review. National Cancer Institute; 1975-2007.

[7] National Cancer Registry Program. Ten Year Consolidated Report of the Hospital Based Cancer Registries, 1984–1993, An Assessment of the Burden and Care of Cancer Patients. New Delhi: Indian Council of Medical Research; 2001.

[8] Agarwal G, Pradeep PV, Aggarwal V, Yip CH, Cheung PS. Spectrum of breast cancer in Asian women. World J Surg 2007;31:1031-40.

[9] Loren AW, Mangu PB, Beck LN, Brennan L, Magdalinski AJ, Partridge AH, et al. Fertility preservation for patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:2500-10.

[10] Lambertini M, Anserini P, Levaggi A, Poggio F, Del Mastro L. Fertility counseling of young breast cancer patients. J Thorac Dis 2013;5 Suppl 1:S68-80.

[11] Falcone T, Attaran M, Bedaiwy MA, Goldberg JM. Ovarian function preservation in the cancer patient. Fertil Steril 2004;81:243-57.

[12] Meirow D, Nugent D. The effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on female reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 2001;7:535-43.

[13] Maltaris T, Seufert R, Fischl F, Schaffrath M, Pollow K, Koelbl H, et al. The effect of cancer treatment on female fertility and strategies for preserving fertility. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007;130:148-55.

[14] Wallace WH, Thomson AB, Saran F, Kelsey TW. Predicting age of ovarian failure after radiation to a field that includes the ovaries. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005;62:738-44.

[15] Critchley HO, Wallace WH. Impact of cancer treatment on uterine function. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2005;64-8.

[16] Fenig E, Mishaeli M, Kalish Y, Lishner M. Pregnancy and radiation. Cancer Treat Rev 2001;27:1-7.

[17] Mazonakis M, Varveris H, Damilakis J, Theoharopoulos N, Gourtsoyiannis N. Radiation dose to conceptus resulting from tangential breast irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;55:386-91.

[18] Antypas C, Sandilos P, Kouvaris J, Balafouta E, Karinou E, Kollaros N, et al. Fetal dose evaluation during breast cancer radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;40:995-9.

[19] Tham YL, Sexton K, Weiss H, Elledge R, Friedman LC, Kramer R, et al. The rates of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in patients treated with adjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by a taxane. Am J Clin Oncol 2007;30:126-32.

[20] Lutchman Singh K, Muttukrishna S, Stein RC, McGarrigle HH, Patel A, Parikh B, et al. Predictors of ovarian reserve in young women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2007;96:1808-16.

[21] Visser JA, Themmen AP. Anti-müllerian hormone and folliculogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2005;234:81-6.

[22] Anders C, Marcom PK, Peterson B, Gu L, Unruhe S, Welch R, et al. A pilot study of predictive markers of chemotherapy-related amenorrhea among premenopausal women with early stage breast cancer. Cancer Invest 2008;26:286-95.

[23] Bines J, Oleske DM, Cobleigh MA. Ovarian function in premenopausal women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:1718-29.

[24] Sonmezer M, Oktay K. Fertility preservation in female patients. Hum Reprod Update 2004;10:251-66.

[25] Ghosh J, Bajpai J. Chemotherapy for osteosarcoma: Adverse effects and remedial measures. Pediatr Hematol Oncol J 2017. [Doi: 10.1016/j.phoj. 2017.07.002].

[26] Petrek JA, Naughton MJ, Case LD, Paskett ED, Naftalis EZ, Singletary SE, et al. Incidence, time course, and determinants of menstrual bleeding after breast cancer treatment: A prospective study. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:1045-51.

[27] Maltaris T, Weigel M, Mueller A, Schmidt M, Seufert R, Fischl F, et al. Cancer and fertility preservation: Fertility preservation in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res 2008;10:206.

[28] Halakivi-Clarke L, Cho E, Onojafe I, Liao DJ, Clarke R. Maternal exposure to tamoxifen during pregnancy increases carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis among female rat offspring. Clin Cancer Res 2000;6:305-8.

[29] Bajpai J, Shylasree T. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer: Controversies and consensus! Oncobiol Targets 2016. [doi: 10.4103/2395-4469.192739].

[30] Barthelmes L, Gateley CA. Tamoxifen and pregnancy. Breast 2004;13:446-51.

[31] Gradishar WJ, Hellmund R. A rationale for the reinitiation of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in women receiving fewer than 5 years of therapy. Clin Breast Cancer 2002;2:282-6.

[32] Arnon J, Meirow D, Lewis-Roness H, Ornoy A. Genetic and teratogenic effects of cancer treatments on gametes and embryos. Hum Reprod Update 2001;7:394-403.

[33] Partridge AH, Ruddy KJ. Fertility and adjuvant treatment in young women with breast cancer. Breast 2007;16 Suppl 2:S175-81.

[34] Lobo RA. Potential options for preservation of fertility in women. N Engl J Med 2005;353:64-73.

[35] Ambrosone GB, Barlow W, Yeh IT. Pharmacogenetics and breast cancer treatment outcomes: Results on oxidative stress-related genotypes (MPO, MnSOD) from a southwest oncology intergroup trial (INT-0102). Cancer 2006;100:S18.

[36] Urruticoechea A, Arnedos M, Walsh G, Dowsett M, Smith IE. Ovarian protection with goserelin during adjuvant chemotherapy for pre-menopausal women with early breast cancer (EBC). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008;110:411-6.

[37] Lambertini M, Moore HC, Leonard RC. Pooled analysis of five randomized trails investigating temporary ovarian suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs during chemotherapy as a strategy to preserve ovarian function and fertility in premenopausal early breast cancer patients. San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium Abstract GS4-01. 2017.

[38] Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Fertility preservation and reproduction in cancer patients. Fertil Steril 2005;83:1622-8.

[39] Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. Thawed Embryo Transfers; 2010. Available from: http://www.apps.nccd.cdc.gov/art/Apps/NationalSummaryReport.aspx. [Last accessed on 2017 Apr 09].

[40] Stachecki JJ, Cohen J. An overview of oocyte cryopreservation. Reprod Biomed Online 2004;9:152-63.

[41] Tao T, Del Valle A. Human oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation and its application. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008;25:287-96.

[42] Porcu E, Bazzocchi A, Notarangelo L, Paradisi R, Landolfo C, Venturoli S, et al. Human oocyte cryopreservation in infertility and oncology. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008;15:529-35.

[43] Available from: https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/CommitteeOpinions/Committee-on-Gynecologic-Practice/OocyteCryopreservation. [Last accessed on 2018 Jan 12].

[44] Backhus LE, Kondapalli LA, Chang RJ, Coutifaris C, Kazer R, Woodruff TK, et al. Oncofertility consortium consensus statement: Guidelines for ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Cancer Treat Res 2007;138:235-9.

[45] Demeestere I, Simon P, Emiliani S, Delbaere A, Englert Y. Fertility preservation: Successful transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in a young patient previously treated for hodgkin's disease. Oncologist 2007;12:1437-42.

[46] Donnez J, Dolmans MM, Demylle D, Jadoul P, Pirard C, Squifflet J, et al. Livebirth after orthotopic transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue. Lancet 2004;364:1405-10.

[47] Meirow D, Levron J, Eldar-Geva T, Hardan I, Fridman E, Zalel Y, et al. Pregnancy after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in a patient with ovarian failure after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2005;353:318-21.

[48] Woodruff TK, Shea LD. The role of the extracellular matrix in ovarian follicle development. Reprod Sci 2007;14 8 Suppl: 6-10.

Practical consensus recommendations on fertility preservation in patients with breast cancer

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