Oral cancer incidence trends in Delhi (1990–2014): An alarming scenario

Anshuman Kumar; Gourav Popli; Sujeet Bhat; Sumedha Mohan; Avinash Sowdepalli; Kiran Kumari

doi:10.4103/sajc.sajc_209_18

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Head and Neck Cancers

08 (

); 116-119

doi:

10.4103/sajc.sajc_209_18

Oral cancer incidence trends in Delhi (1990–2014): An alarming scenario

Anshuman Kumar¹, Gourav Popli^1,, Sujeet Bhat¹, Sumedha Mohan², Avinash Sowdepalli¹, Kiran Kumari¹

1 Department of Surgical Oncology, Dharamshila Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, New Delhi

2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

*Corresponding author: Dr. Gourav Popli. drgp0250@gmail.com

Published: 2020-12-21

MedIntel Services Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

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Abstract

Background: Oral cancer ranks in the top three of all cancers in India, which accounts for over 30% of all cancers reported in the country, and oral cancer control is quickly becoming a global health priority. We have conducted an age period analysis of oral cancer incidence trends using the Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) data in Delhi over a 24-year period (1990–2014) to address the trends of one of the leading cancer sites in Delhi. Materials and Methods: The data of oral cancer proportion and incidence for the year 1990–2014 were taken from Delhi PBCR which records cancer cases from more than 180 government and 250 private facilities. The data were segregated by sex, age, and anatomical site and were analyzed to calculate age-specific incidence rates and expressed in cases per 100,000 persons/year. Results: The highest incidence for both genders was seen in the age group 50–59 years and the lowest incidence for both genders was in youngest age group (<20 years) for all the years from 1990 to 2014. The relative proportion of oral cancer among all types of cancer in Delhi has shown alarming rise from the year 2003 onward. Conclusion: Increasing relative proportion of oral cancer can be implicated in increased consumption of gutkha chewers in the last decade of the 20^th Century. As access to health-care services and cancer-related awareness is highly variable in India, more in-depth analysis of the incidence of oral cancer in rural regions will be required.

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References

Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Perklin DM. GLOBOCAN 2012 v2.0 Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC Cancer Base No 10. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2012. Available from: http://www.globocan.iarc.fr.
National Cancer Registry Programme. Three Year Report of Population Based Cancer Registries, 2009-2011, Indian Council of Medical Research National Cancer Registry Program. Bangalore: National Cancer Registry Programme; 2013.
Radoï L, Luce D. A review of risk factors for oral cavity cancer: The importance of a standardized case definition. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2013;41:97-109, e78-91.
Guha N, Warnakulasuriya S, Vlaanderen J, Straif K. Betel quid chewing and the risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: A meta-analysis with implications for cancer control. Int J Cancer 2014;135:1433-43.
Mishra GA, Pimple SA, Shastri SS. An overview of the tobacco problem in India. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2012;33:139-45.
Rajaraman P, Anderson BO, Basu P, Belinson JL, Cruz AD, Dhillon PK, et al. Recommendations for screening and early detection of common cancers in India. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:e352-61.
dos Santos Silva I, editor. Measures of occurrence of disease and other health-related events. Cancer epidemiology: principles and methods. In: Cancer Epidemiology: Principles and Methods. Lyon: IARC; 1999. p. 57-82.
Ariyawardana A, Warnakulasuriya S. Declining oral cancer rates in Sri Lanka: Are we winning the war after being at the top of the cancer league table? Oral Dis 2011;17:636-41.
Tseng CH. Oral cancer in Taiwan: Is diabetes a risk factor? Clin Oral Investig 2013;17:1357-64.
Krishna Rao SV, Mejia G, Roberts-Thomson K, Logan R. Epidemiology of oral cancer in Asia in the past decade – An update (2000-2012). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013;14:5567-77.
Chaturvedi AK, Anderson WF, Lortet-Tieulent J, Curado MP, Ferlay J, Franceschi S, et al. Worldwide trends in incidence rates for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:4550-9.
Ligier K, Belot A, Launoy G, Velten M, Delafosse P, Guizard AV, et al. Epidemiology of oral cavity cancers in France. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 2011;112:164-71.
de Souza DL, de Camargo Cancela M, Perez MM, Curado MP Trends in the incidence of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in Spain. Head Neck 2012;34:649-54.
Ariyawardana A, Johnson NW. Trends of lip, oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in Australia 1982-2008: Overall good news but with rising rates in the oropharynx. BMC Cancer 2013;13:333.
Satyanarayana L, Asthana S, Mohan S, Popli G. Tobacco cessation in India. Indian J Community Health 2017;29:142-4.
World Health Organization. World Health Organization Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008: The MPOWER Package. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
Pintos J, Black MJ, Sadeghi N, Ghadirian P, Zeitouni AG, Viscidi RP, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and oral cancer: A case-control study in Montreal, Canada. Oral Oncol 2008;44:242-50.
Kumar S, Pandey U, Bala N, Tewar V, Oanh KT. Tobacco habit in Northern India. J Indian Med Assoc 2006;104:19-22, 24.
Dwivedi S, Aggarwal A, Dev M. All in the name of flavour, fragrance & freshness: Commonly used smokeless tobacco preparations in & around a tertiary hospital in India. Indian J Med Res 2012;136:836-41.

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[1] Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Perklin DM. GLOBOCAN 2012 v2.0 Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC Cancer Base No 10. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2012. Available from: http://www.globocan.iarc.fr.

[2] National Cancer Registry Programme. Three Year Report of Population Based Cancer Registries, 2009-2011, Indian Council of Medical Research National Cancer Registry Program. Bangalore: National Cancer Registry Programme; 2013.

[3] Radoï L, Luce D. A review of risk factors for oral cavity cancer: The importance of a standardized case definition. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2013;41:97-109, e78-91.

[4] Guha N, Warnakulasuriya S, Vlaanderen J, Straif K. Betel quid chewing and the risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: A meta-analysis with implications for cancer control. Int J Cancer 2014;135:1433-43.

[5] Mishra GA, Pimple SA, Shastri SS. An overview of the tobacco problem in India. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2012;33:139-45.

[6] Rajaraman P, Anderson BO, Basu P, Belinson JL, Cruz AD, Dhillon PK, et al. Recommendations for screening and early detection of common cancers in India. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:e352-61.

[7] dos Santos Silva I, editor. Measures of occurrence of disease and other health-related events. Cancer epidemiology: principles and methods. In: Cancer Epidemiology: Principles and Methods. Lyon: IARC; 1999. p. 57-82.

[8] Ariyawardana A, Warnakulasuriya S. Declining oral cancer rates in Sri Lanka: Are we winning the war after being at the top of the cancer league table? Oral Dis 2011;17:636-41.

[9] Tseng CH. Oral cancer in Taiwan: Is diabetes a risk factor? Clin Oral Investig 2013;17:1357-64.

[10] Krishna Rao SV, Mejia G, Roberts-Thomson K, Logan R. Epidemiology of oral cancer in Asia in the past decade – An update (2000-2012). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013;14:5567-77.

[11] Chaturvedi AK, Anderson WF, Lortet-Tieulent J, Curado MP, Ferlay J, Franceschi S, et al. Worldwide trends in incidence rates for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:4550-9.

[12] Ligier K, Belot A, Launoy G, Velten M, Delafosse P, Guizard AV, et al. Epidemiology of oral cavity cancers in France. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 2011;112:164-71.

[13] de Souza DL, de Camargo Cancela M, Perez MM, Curado MP Trends in the incidence of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in Spain. Head Neck 2012;34:649-54.

[14] Ariyawardana A, Johnson NW. Trends of lip, oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in Australia 1982-2008: Overall good news but with rising rates in the oropharynx. BMC Cancer 2013;13:333.

[15] Satyanarayana L, Asthana S, Mohan S, Popli G. Tobacco cessation in India. Indian J Community Health 2017;29:142-4.

[16] World Health Organization. World Health Organization Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008: The MPOWER Package. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.

[17] Pintos J, Black MJ, Sadeghi N, Ghadirian P, Zeitouni AG, Viscidi RP, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and oral cancer: A case-control study in Montreal, Canada. Oral Oncol 2008;44:242-50.

[18] Kumar S, Pandey U, Bala N, Tewar V, Oanh KT. Tobacco habit in Northern India. J Indian Med Assoc 2006;104:19-22, 24.

[19] Dwivedi S, Aggarwal A, Dev M. All in the name of flavour, fragrance & freshness: Commonly used smokeless tobacco preparations in & around a tertiary hospital in India. Indian J Med Res 2012;136:836-41.

Oral cancer incidence trends in Delhi (1990–2014): An alarming scenario

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