Indian data on bone and soft tissue sarcomas: A summary of published study results

Anant Ramaswamy; Bharat Rekhi; Sameer Bakhshi; Sachin Hingmire; Manish Agarwal

doi:10.4103/2278-330X.187587

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Review Article

05 (

); 138-145

doi:

10.4103/2278-330X.187587

Indian data on bone and soft tissue sarcomas: A summary of published study results

Anant Ramaswamy¹, Bharat Rekhi^2,, Sameer Bakhshi³, Sachin Hingmire⁴, Manish Agarwal⁵

1 Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra

2 Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra

3 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi

4 Department of Oncology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra

5 Department of Orthopedic Oncology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra

*Corresponding author: Dr. Bharat Rekhi. rekhi.bharat@gmail.com

Published: 2020-12-28

MedIntel Services Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

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Abstract

Bone sarcomas are rare tumors, approximating 0.2% of all cancers, with osteosarcoma (OGS), chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma being the most common cancers in this subset. The formation of disease management groups/clinics focused on sarcomas has resulted in better understanding and management of these uncommon tumors. Multiple large-scale retrospective data from Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH) and All India Institute of Medical Sciences have reported outcomes comparable to Western data in the field of OGS and Ewing sarcoma, with interesting prognostic factors identified for further evaluation. Soft tissue sarcomas are a rare heterogeneous group of tumors, more than 50 different tumor entities. The common subtypes identified in India include Ewing sarcoma and synovial sarcoma. Valuable work regarding brachytherapy has been done by radiation oncologists from the TMH, especially in pediatric patients.

Keywords

References

Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Bishop K, Altekruse SF, et al. (editors). SEER Cancer Statistics Review. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 1975-2013. Available from: http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2013/. [Last accessed on 2016 Jun 01].
Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;63:11-30.
Yeole BB, Jussawalla DJ. Descriptive epidemiology of bone cancer in greater Bombay. Indian J Cancer 1998;35:101-6.
Dinshaw KA, Ganesh B. Hospital Based Cancer registry. Annual Report 2001. Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai; 2005. p. 90-1.
Rao VS, Pai MR, Rao RC, Adhikary MM. Incidence of primary bone tumours and tumour like lesions in and around Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. J Indian Med Assoc 1996;94:103-4, 121.
Jain K, Sunila, Ravishankar R, Mruthyunjaya, Rupakumar CS, Gadiyar HB, et al. Bone tumors in a tertiary care hospital of South India: A review 117 cases. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2011;32:82-5.
Rosen G, Caparros B, Huvos AG, Kosloff C, Nirenberg A, Cacavio A, et al. Preoperative chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: Selection of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy based on the response of the primary tumor to preoperative chemotherapy. Cancer 1982;49:1221-30.
Shirke-Satpute S, Rekhi B, Desai SS. Correlation of MDM2, P53, MIB1 expression with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high-grade extremity osteosarcoma and clinical outcome. Mod Pathol 2013;26 Suppl 2:20A.
Kumar C, Vats K, Lohar SP, Korde A, Samuel G. Camptothecin enhances cell death induced by (177) Lu-EDTMP in osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2014;29:317-22.
Bajpai J, Sharma M, Sreenivas V, Kumar R, Gamnagatti S, Khan SA, et al. VEGF expression as a prognostic marker in osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:1035-9.
Bajpai J, Gamanagatti S, Sharma MC, Kumar R, Vishnubhatla S, Khan SA, et al. Noninvasive imaging surrogate of angiogenesis in osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:526-31.
Amit P, Patro DK, Basu D, Elangovan S, Parathasarathy V. Role of dynamic MRI and clinical assessment in predicting histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bone sarcomas. Am J Clin Oncol 2014;37:384-90.
Amit P, Malhotra A, Kumar R, Kumar L, Patro DK, Elangovan S. Evaluation of static and dynamic MRI for assessing response of bone sarcomas to preoperative chemotherapy: Correlation with histological necrosis. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2015;25:269-75.
Bajpai J, Kumar R, Sreenivas V, Sharma MC, Khan SA, Rastogi S, et al. Prediction of chemotherapy response by PET-CT in osteosarcoma: Correlation with histologic necrosis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2011;33:e271-8.
Pathak AB, Advani SH, Iyer RS, Pai SK, Gopal R, Nadkarni KS, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma of the extremity with sequential adriamycin and cisplatin. J Surg Oncol 1993;52:181-4.
Nataraj V, Batra A, Rastogi S, Khan SA, Sharma MC, Vishnubhatla S, et al. Developing a prognostic model for patients with localized osteosarcoma treated with uniform chemotherapy protocol without high dose methotrexate: A single-center experience of 237 patients. J Surg Oncol 2015;112:662-8.
Poudel RR, Kumar VS, Bakhshi S, Gamanagatti S, Rastogi S, Khan SA. High tumor volume and local recurrence following surgery in osteosarcoma: A retrospective study. Indian J Orthop 2014;48:285-8.
Bajpai J, Chandrashekharan A, Pandey N. Non-high Dose - Methotrexate (HD-MTX) Based, Dose-Dense (DD) Chemotherapy (CT) in Osteosarcoma: Is it Effective, Economic and Easy? - Presented at International Society of Pediatric Oncology Congress, Capetown; October, 2015.
Bajpai J, Puri A, Shah K, Susan D, Jambhekar N, Rekhi B, et al. Chemotherapy compliance in patients with osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:41-4.
Laskar S, Basu A, Muckaden MA, D′Cruz A, Pai S, Jambhekar N, et al. Osteosarcoma of the head and neck region: Lessons learned from a single-institution experience of 50 patients. Head Neck 2008;30:1020-6.
Puri A, Gulia A, Pruthi M. Outcome of surgical resection of pelvic osteosarcoma. Indian J Orthop 2014;48:273-8.
Gulia A, Puri A, Pruthi M, Desai S. Oncological and functional outcome of periosteal osteosarcoma. Indian J Orthop 2014;48:279-84.
Puri A, Gulia A, Hawaldar R, Ranganathan P, Badwe RA. Does intensity of surveillance affect survival after surgery for sarcomas? Results of a randomized noninferiority trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014;472:1568-75.
Rekhi B, Vogel U, Basak R, Desai SB, Jambhekar NA. Clinicopathological and molecular spectrum of Ewing sarcomas/PNETs, including validation of EWSR1 rearrangement by conventional and array FISH technique in certain cases. Pathol Oncol Res 2014;20:503-16.
Tilak TV, Sharawat S, Gupta R, Agarwala S, Vishnubhatla S, Bakhshi S. Circulating T-regulatory cells in PNET: A prospective study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:228-32.
Jully B, Vijayalakshmi R, Gopal G, Sabitha K, Rajkumar T. Junction region of EWS-FLI1 fusion protein has a dominant negative effect in Ewing′s sarcoma in vitro. BMC Cancer 2012;12:513.
Biswas B, Sharma MC, Mridha AR, Bakhshi S. Expression of cathepsin L in tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in patients with Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: A pilot study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2015;58:170-4.
Gupta K, Pawaskar A, Basu S, Rajan MG, Asopa RV, Arora B, et al. Potential role of FDG PET imaging in predicting metastatic potential and assessment of therapeutic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. Clin Nucl Med 2011;36:973-7.
Biswas B, Rastogi S, Khan SA, Shukla NK, Deo SV, Agarwala S, et al. Developing a prognostic model for localized Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: A single institutional experience of 224 cases treated with uniform chemotherapy protocol. J Surg Oncol 2015;111:683-9.
Biswas B, Rastogi S, Khan SA, Shukla NK, Deo SV, Agarwala S, et al. Hypoalbuminaemia is an independent predictor of poor outcome in metastatic Ewing′s sarcoma family of tumours: A single institutional experience of 150 cases treated with uniform chemotherapy protocol. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014;26:722-9.
Biswas B, Rastogi S, Khan SA, Mohanti BK, Sharma DN, Sharma MC, et al. Outcomes and prognostic factors for Ewing-family tumors of the extremities. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:841-9.
Biswas B, Agarwala S, Rastogi S, Khan SA, Mohanti BK, Sharma DN, et al. High burden of metastases and poor outcome in pelvic PNET. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:E97-9.
Prabu R, Thulkar S, Chand Sharma M, Mohanti BK, Dhawan D, Bakhshi S. PNET spine: Morbid and mortal, but ignored till late. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012;34:e164-9.
Biswas B, Agarwala S, Shukla NK, Deo S, Sharma D, Thulkar S, et al. Evaluation of outcome and prognostic factors in thoracic primitive neuroectodermal tumor: A study of 84 cases. Ann Thorac Surg 2013;96:2006-14.
Biswas B, Shukla NK, Deo SV, Agarwala S, Sharma DN, Vishnubhatla S, et al. Evaluation of outcome and prognostic factors in extraosseous Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1925-31.
Qureshi SS, Kembhavi S, Vora T, Ramadwar M, Laskar S, Talole S, et al. Prognostic factors in primary nonmetastatic Ewing sarcoma of the rib in children and young adults. J Pediatr Surg 2013;48:764-70.
Qureshi SS, Kembhavi S, Bhagat M, Laskar S, Chinnaswamy G, Vora T, et al. Primary non-metastatic Ewing sarcoma of the jaw in children: Results of surgical resection and primary reconstruction. J Surg Oncol 2014;110:689-95.
Biswas B, Thakar A, Mohanti BK, Vishnubhatla S, Bakhshi S. Prognostic factors in head and neck Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. Laryngoscope 2015;125:E112-7.
Puri A, Gulia A, Jambhekar N, Laskar S. The outcome of the treatment of diaphyseal primary bone sarcoma by resection, irradiation and re-implantation of the host bone: Extracorporeal irradiation as an option for reconstruction in diaphyseal bone sarcomas. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2012;94:982-8.
Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:5-29.
Coindre J, Terrier P, Guillou L, Le Doussal V, Collin F, Ranchère D, et al. Predictive value of grade for metastases development in the main histological types of adult soft tissue sarcomas: A study of 1240 patients from the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group. Cancer 2001;91:1914-26.
Rekhi B, Jambhekar NA, Puri A, Agrawal M, Chinoy RF. Clinicomorphologic features of a series of 10 cases of malignant triton tumors diagnosed over 10 years at a tertiary cancer hospital in Mumbai, India. Ann Diagn Pathol 2008;12:90-7.
Rekhi B, Gorad BD, Chinoy RF. Clinicopathological features with outcomes of a series of conventional and proximal-type epithelioid sarcomas, diagnosed over a period of 10 years at a tertiary cancer hospital in India. Virchows Arch 2008;453:141-53.
Kumar R, Rekhi B, Shirazi N, Pais A, Amare P, Gawde D, et al. Spectrum of cytomorphological features, including literature review, of an extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma with t(9;22)(q22;q12) (TEC/EWS) results in one case. Diagn Cytopathol 2008;36:868-75.
Jambhekar NA, Rekhi B, Thorat K, Dikshit R, Agrawal M, Puri A. Revisiting chordoma with brachyury, a "new age" marker: Analysis of a validation study on 51 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010;134:1181-7.
Rekhi B, Ingle A, Kumar R, DeSouza MA, Dikshit R, Jambhekar NA. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: Clinicopathological profile of 63 cases diagnosed at a tertiary cancer referral center in Mumbai, India. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2010;53:611-8.
Rekhi B, Deshmukh M, Jambhekar NA. Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma - A clinicopathological study of 18 cases, including histopathological relationship with sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma in a subset of cases. Ann Diagn Pathol 2011;15:303-11.
Rekhi B, Ingle A, Agarwal M, Puri A, Laskar S, Jambhekar NA. Alveolar soft part sarcoma "revisited": Clinicopathological review of 47 cases from a tertiary cancer referral centre, including immunohistochemical expression of TFE3 in 22 cases and 21 other tumours. Pathology 2012;44:11-7.
Rekhi B, Ahmed S, Basak R, Qureshi SS, Desai SS, Ramadwar M, et al. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor-clinicopathological spectrum, including unusual features and immunohistochemical analysis of 45 tumors diagnosed at a tertiary cancer referral centre, with molecular results t(11; 22) (p13; q12) (EWS-WT1) in select cases. Pathol Oncol Res 2012;18:917-27.
Dinshaw KA, Ganesh B. Hospital Based Cancer Registry. Annual Report 2001. Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai; 2005. p. 72-91.
Rekhi B, Basak R, Desai SB, Jambhekar NA. Immunohistochemical validation of TLE1, a novel marker, for synovial sarcomas. Indian J Med Res 2012;136:766-75.
Rekhi B, Vogel U. Utility of characteristic "eak to absent" INI1/SMARCB1/BAF47 expression in diagnosis of synovial sarcomas. APMIS 2015;123:618-28.
Iqbal N, Shukla NK, Deo SV, Agarwala S, Sharma DN, Sharma MC, et al. Prognostic factors affecting survival in metastatic soft tissue sarcoma: An analysis of 110 patients. Clin Transl Oncol 2016;18:310-6.
Panda N, Das R, Banerjee S, Chatterjee S, Gumta M, Bandyopadhyay SK. Retroperitoneal Sarcoma. Outcome Analysis in a Teaching Hospital in Eastern India- a Perspective. Indian J Surg Oncol 2015;6:99-105.
Rekhi B, Navale P, Jambhekar NA. Critical histopathological analysis of 25 dedifferentiated liposarcomas, including uncommon variants from a tertiary cancer referral centre. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2012;55:294-302.
Jamema SV, Sharma PK, Laskar S, Deshpande DD, Shrivastava SK. Treatment planning comparison of electron arc therapy and photon intensity modulated radiotherapy for Askin′s tumor of chest wall. Radiother Oncol 2007;84:257-65.
Jamema SV, Sharma PK, Sharma D, Laskar S, Deshpande DD, Shrivastava SK. Dose optimization of intra-operative high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy implants for soft tissue sarcoma. J Cancer Res Ther 2009;5:240-6.
Laskar S, Bahl G, Ann Muckaden M, Puri A, Agarwal MG, Patil N, et al. Interstitial brachytherapy for childhood soft tissue sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:649-55.
Chaudhary AJ, Laskar S, Badhwar R. Interstitial brachytherapy in soft tissue sarcomas. The Tata Memorial Hospital experience. Strahlenther Onkol 1998;174:522-8.
Sharma DN, Deo SV, Rath GK, Shukla NK, Bakhshi S, Gandhi AK, et al. Perioperative high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy combined with external beam radiation therapy for soft tissue sarcoma. Brachytherapy 2015;14:571-7.

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[1] Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Bishop K, Altekruse SF, et al. (editors). SEER Cancer Statistics Review. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 1975-2013. Available from: http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2013/. [Last accessed on 2016 Jun 01].

[2] Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;63:11-30.

[3] Yeole BB, Jussawalla DJ. Descriptive epidemiology of bone cancer in greater Bombay. Indian J Cancer 1998;35:101-6.

[4] Dinshaw KA, Ganesh B. Hospital Based Cancer registry. Annual Report 2001. Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai; 2005. p. 90-1.

[5] Rao VS, Pai MR, Rao RC, Adhikary MM. Incidence of primary bone tumours and tumour like lesions in and around Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. J Indian Med Assoc 1996;94:103-4, 121.

[6] Jain K, Sunila, Ravishankar R, Mruthyunjaya, Rupakumar CS, Gadiyar HB, et al. Bone tumors in a tertiary care hospital of South India: A review 117 cases. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2011;32:82-5.

[7] Rosen G, Caparros B, Huvos AG, Kosloff C, Nirenberg A, Cacavio A, et al. Preoperative chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: Selection of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy based on the response of the primary tumor to preoperative chemotherapy. Cancer 1982;49:1221-30.

[8] Shirke-Satpute S, Rekhi B, Desai SS. Correlation of MDM2, P53, MIB1 expression with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high-grade extremity osteosarcoma and clinical outcome. Mod Pathol 2013;26 Suppl 2:20A.

[9] Kumar C, Vats K, Lohar SP, Korde A, Samuel G. Camptothecin enhances cell death induced by (177) Lu-EDTMP in osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2014;29:317-22.

[10] Bajpai J, Sharma M, Sreenivas V, Kumar R, Gamnagatti S, Khan SA, et al. VEGF expression as a prognostic marker in osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:1035-9.

[11] Bajpai J, Gamanagatti S, Sharma MC, Kumar R, Vishnubhatla S, Khan SA, et al. Noninvasive imaging surrogate of angiogenesis in osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:526-31.

[12] Amit P, Patro DK, Basu D, Elangovan S, Parathasarathy V. Role of dynamic MRI and clinical assessment in predicting histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bone sarcomas. Am J Clin Oncol 2014;37:384-90.

[13] Amit P, Malhotra A, Kumar R, Kumar L, Patro DK, Elangovan S. Evaluation of static and dynamic MRI for assessing response of bone sarcomas to preoperative chemotherapy: Correlation with histological necrosis. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2015;25:269-75.

[14] Bajpai J, Kumar R, Sreenivas V, Sharma MC, Khan SA, Rastogi S, et al. Prediction of chemotherapy response by PET-CT in osteosarcoma: Correlation with histologic necrosis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2011;33:e271-8.

[15] Pathak AB, Advani SH, Iyer RS, Pai SK, Gopal R, Nadkarni KS, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma of the extremity with sequential adriamycin and cisplatin. J Surg Oncol 1993;52:181-4.

[16] Nataraj V, Batra A, Rastogi S, Khan SA, Sharma MC, Vishnubhatla S, et al. Developing a prognostic model for patients with localized osteosarcoma treated with uniform chemotherapy protocol without high dose methotrexate: A single-center experience of 237 patients. J Surg Oncol 2015;112:662-8.

[17] Poudel RR, Kumar VS, Bakhshi S, Gamanagatti S, Rastogi S, Khan SA. High tumor volume and local recurrence following surgery in osteosarcoma: A retrospective study. Indian J Orthop 2014;48:285-8.

[18] Bajpai J, Chandrashekharan A, Pandey N. Non-high Dose - Methotrexate (HD-MTX) Based, Dose-Dense (DD) Chemotherapy (CT) in Osteosarcoma: Is it Effective, Economic and Easy? - Presented at International Society of Pediatric Oncology Congress, Capetown; October, 2015.

[19] Bajpai J, Puri A, Shah K, Susan D, Jambhekar N, Rekhi B, et al. Chemotherapy compliance in patients with osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:41-4.

[20] Laskar S, Basu A, Muckaden MA, D′Cruz A, Pai S, Jambhekar N, et al. Osteosarcoma of the head and neck region: Lessons learned from a single-institution experience of 50 patients. Head Neck 2008;30:1020-6.

[21] Puri A, Gulia A, Pruthi M. Outcome of surgical resection of pelvic osteosarcoma. Indian J Orthop 2014;48:273-8.

[22] Gulia A, Puri A, Pruthi M, Desai S. Oncological and functional outcome of periosteal osteosarcoma. Indian J Orthop 2014;48:279-84.

[23] Puri A, Gulia A, Hawaldar R, Ranganathan P, Badwe RA. Does intensity of surveillance affect survival after surgery for sarcomas? Results of a randomized noninferiority trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014;472:1568-75.

[24] Rekhi B, Vogel U, Basak R, Desai SB, Jambhekar NA. Clinicopathological and molecular spectrum of Ewing sarcomas/PNETs, including validation of EWSR1 rearrangement by conventional and array FISH technique in certain cases. Pathol Oncol Res 2014;20:503-16.

[25] Tilak TV, Sharawat S, Gupta R, Agarwala S, Vishnubhatla S, Bakhshi S. Circulating T-regulatory cells in PNET: A prospective study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:228-32.

[26] Jully B, Vijayalakshmi R, Gopal G, Sabitha K, Rajkumar T. Junction region of EWS-FLI1 fusion protein has a dominant negative effect in Ewing′s sarcoma in vitro. BMC Cancer 2012;12:513.

[27] Biswas B, Sharma MC, Mridha AR, Bakhshi S. Expression of cathepsin L in tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in patients with Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: A pilot study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2015;58:170-4.

[28] Gupta K, Pawaskar A, Basu S, Rajan MG, Asopa RV, Arora B, et al. Potential role of FDG PET imaging in predicting metastatic potential and assessment of therapeutic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. Clin Nucl Med 2011;36:973-7.

[29] Biswas B, Rastogi S, Khan SA, Shukla NK, Deo SV, Agarwala S, et al. Developing a prognostic model for localized Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: A single institutional experience of 224 cases treated with uniform chemotherapy protocol. J Surg Oncol 2015;111:683-9.

[30] Biswas B, Rastogi S, Khan SA, Shukla NK, Deo SV, Agarwala S, et al. Hypoalbuminaemia is an independent predictor of poor outcome in metastatic Ewing′s sarcoma family of tumours: A single institutional experience of 150 cases treated with uniform chemotherapy protocol. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014;26:722-9.

[31] Biswas B, Rastogi S, Khan SA, Mohanti BK, Sharma DN, Sharma MC, et al. Outcomes and prognostic factors for Ewing-family tumors of the extremities. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:841-9.

[32] Biswas B, Agarwala S, Rastogi S, Khan SA, Mohanti BK, Sharma DN, et al. High burden of metastases and poor outcome in pelvic PNET. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:E97-9.

[33] Prabu R, Thulkar S, Chand Sharma M, Mohanti BK, Dhawan D, Bakhshi S. PNET spine: Morbid and mortal, but ignored till late. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012;34:e164-9.

[34] Biswas B, Agarwala S, Shukla NK, Deo S, Sharma D, Thulkar S, et al. Evaluation of outcome and prognostic factors in thoracic primitive neuroectodermal tumor: A study of 84 cases. Ann Thorac Surg 2013;96:2006-14.

[35] Biswas B, Shukla NK, Deo SV, Agarwala S, Sharma DN, Vishnubhatla S, et al. Evaluation of outcome and prognostic factors in extraosseous Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1925-31.

[36] Qureshi SS, Kembhavi S, Vora T, Ramadwar M, Laskar S, Talole S, et al. Prognostic factors in primary nonmetastatic Ewing sarcoma of the rib in children and young adults. J Pediatr Surg 2013;48:764-70.

[37] Qureshi SS, Kembhavi S, Bhagat M, Laskar S, Chinnaswamy G, Vora T, et al. Primary non-metastatic Ewing sarcoma of the jaw in children: Results of surgical resection and primary reconstruction. J Surg Oncol 2014;110:689-95.

[38] Biswas B, Thakar A, Mohanti BK, Vishnubhatla S, Bakhshi S. Prognostic factors in head and neck Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. Laryngoscope 2015;125:E112-7.

[39] Puri A, Gulia A, Jambhekar N, Laskar S. The outcome of the treatment of diaphyseal primary bone sarcoma by resection, irradiation and re-implantation of the host bone: Extracorporeal irradiation as an option for reconstruction in diaphyseal bone sarcomas. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2012;94:982-8.

[40] Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:5-29.

[41] Coindre J, Terrier P, Guillou L, Le Doussal V, Collin F, Ranchère D, et al. Predictive value of grade for metastases development in the main histological types of adult soft tissue sarcomas: A study of 1240 patients from the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group. Cancer 2001;91:1914-26.

[42] Rekhi B, Jambhekar NA, Puri A, Agrawal M, Chinoy RF. Clinicomorphologic features of a series of 10 cases of malignant triton tumors diagnosed over 10 years at a tertiary cancer hospital in Mumbai, India. Ann Diagn Pathol 2008;12:90-7.

[43] Rekhi B, Gorad BD, Chinoy RF. Clinicopathological features with outcomes of a series of conventional and proximal-type epithelioid sarcomas, diagnosed over a period of 10 years at a tertiary cancer hospital in India. Virchows Arch 2008;453:141-53.

[44] Kumar R, Rekhi B, Shirazi N, Pais A, Amare P, Gawde D, et al. Spectrum of cytomorphological features, including literature review, of an extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma with t(9;22)(q22;q12) (TEC/EWS) results in one case. Diagn Cytopathol 2008;36:868-75.

[45] Jambhekar NA, Rekhi B, Thorat K, Dikshit R, Agrawal M, Puri A. Revisiting chordoma with brachyury, a "new age" marker: Analysis of a validation study on 51 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010;134:1181-7.

[46] Rekhi B, Ingle A, Kumar R, DeSouza MA, Dikshit R, Jambhekar NA. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: Clinicopathological profile of 63 cases diagnosed at a tertiary cancer referral center in Mumbai, India. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2010;53:611-8.

[47] Rekhi B, Deshmukh M, Jambhekar NA. Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma - A clinicopathological study of 18 cases, including histopathological relationship with sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma in a subset of cases. Ann Diagn Pathol 2011;15:303-11.

[48] Rekhi B, Ingle A, Agarwal M, Puri A, Laskar S, Jambhekar NA. Alveolar soft part sarcoma "revisited": Clinicopathological review of 47 cases from a tertiary cancer referral centre, including immunohistochemical expression of TFE3 in 22 cases and 21 other tumours. Pathology 2012;44:11-7.

[49] Rekhi B, Ahmed S, Basak R, Qureshi SS, Desai SS, Ramadwar M, et al. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor-clinicopathological spectrum, including unusual features and immunohistochemical analysis of 45 tumors diagnosed at a tertiary cancer referral centre, with molecular results t(11; 22) (p13; q12) (EWS-WT1) in select cases. Pathol Oncol Res 2012;18:917-27.

[50] Dinshaw KA, Ganesh B. Hospital Based Cancer Registry. Annual Report 2001. Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai; 2005. p. 72-91.

[51] Rekhi B, Basak R, Desai SB, Jambhekar NA. Immunohistochemical validation of TLE1, a novel marker, for synovial sarcomas. Indian J Med Res 2012;136:766-75.

[52] Rekhi B, Vogel U. Utility of characteristic "eak to absent" INI1/SMARCB1/BAF47 expression in diagnosis of synovial sarcomas. APMIS 2015;123:618-28.

[53] Iqbal N, Shukla NK, Deo SV, Agarwala S, Sharma DN, Sharma MC, et al. Prognostic factors affecting survival in metastatic soft tissue sarcoma: An analysis of 110 patients. Clin Transl Oncol 2016;18:310-6.

[54] Panda N, Das R, Banerjee S, Chatterjee S, Gumta M, Bandyopadhyay SK. Retroperitoneal Sarcoma. Outcome Analysis in a Teaching Hospital in Eastern India- a Perspective. Indian J Surg Oncol 2015;6:99-105.

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Indian data on bone and soft tissue sarcomas: A summary of published study results

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Abstract

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